• In summary although there are

  2022-08-24

  

  In summary, although there are still several important questions open on the mechanisms that trigger FAK nuclear localization and FAK-dependent gene regulation, Cardoso et al. (2016) provide important new insights on FAK/MEF2-mediated initiation of cardiac hypertrophy. Acknowledgments The author

• The hyperacetylation of histone proteins by HATs is

  2022-08-24

  

  The hyperacetylation of histone proteins by HATs is known to be associated with gene activation [51]. In particular, p300, which is a transcription factor having HAT activity, links activators to the transcription machinery at promoters [52]. The p300/CBP complex dynamically regulates hundreds of di

• However despite medicinal chemistry efforts

  2022-08-24

  

  However, despite medicinal chemistry efforts lead to considerable improvement in potency and selectivity of new HO-1 inhibitors, still have not identified inhibitors in the low nanomolar range. Therefore, due to the possible in vivo non-specific effects at high dosage, novel strategies should be dev

• The occurrence of naturally HCV NS resistance associated

  2022-08-24

  

  The occurrence of naturally HCV NS3 resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) affects virological outcome of DAA-based combination therapies [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For the majority of NS3 protease inhibitors the frequency of natural occurrence of single RASs in HCV genotype 1-infected p

• neuronal nitric oxide synthase Several compounds have been d

  2022-08-24

  

  Several compounds have been described in the literature as inhibitors of the sGC. Among them, methylene blue and LY83583 () are not direct sGC inhibitors, but rather block cGMP formation by generating superoxide anion radicals that deactivate NO. Despite their extensive use in plethora of research s

• Whilst it has long been appreciated that Rho family

  2022-08-24

  

  Whilst it has long been appreciated that Rho-family GTPases are able to signal directly to focal adhesions, it is also becoming increasingly clear that they can achieve this indirectly, through their influence on the extracellular matrix to which the integrins bind. Cdc42 and RhoA have long been kno

• The activation of AKT and ERK results in

  2022-08-24

  

  The activation of AKT and ERK1/2 results in the stabilization and increase in the co-transcriptional function of β-catenin [31], [32], [33]. Here, (R,R′)-MNF was found to reduce the levels of phospho-active AKT and ERK, which, in turn, may regulate the abundance and signaling potential of β-catenin.

• The differential tissue and ligand dependent signaling descr

  2022-08-24

  

  The differential tissue- and ligand-dependent signaling described here has important implications for the therapeutic potential of synthetic GPR109A agonists for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The failure of MK-0354, a biased, partial GPR109A agonist, to activate signaling pathways upstream of va

• ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured cells

  2022-08-24

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured dopamine receptor antagonist and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012)

• br Conclusion br Author contributions

  2022-08-24

  

  Conclusion Author contributions Competing interests Acknowledgments Introduction Reproductive performance is a major factor affecting profitability of dairy farms. The use of GnRH and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in a coordinated fashion allows cows to be inseminated as a result of the u

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is

  2022-08-24

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi

• After brain injury adenosine levels rapidly

  2022-08-24

  

  After brain injury, adenosine levels rapidly increase in the brain [9,10]. As shown in our previous studies, the increased adenosine concentration acts on adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), increasing post-traumatic glutamate levels in the brain and exacerbating the severity of injuries [11,12]. Accor

• br The actions of GLP on the vasculature

  2022-08-23

  

  The actions of GLP-1 (9–36) on the vasculature/endothelium The previous sections have ascribed the vascular and/or endothelial actions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists to potential direct actions through a canonical GLP-1R, but as mentioned previously, whether VSMCs and ECs express a full-length GLP-1R r

• 96 6 receptor By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or

  2022-08-23

  

  By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic animals lacking the two major astroglial Cxs, the Double KO mouse, we demonstrated that the gap-FRAP technique was able to detect the total inhibition of GJC with a reduction of about 39% and 38% compared to control, respectively. The residua

• Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity

  2022-08-23

  

  Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity is necessary to maintain a proper integrity of intestinal tight junction [18]. HF diet-induced bowel dysfunction impaired FXR activity and affected fecal BA profile. Generally, it augmented the concentration of secondary BAs in the colon e.

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