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Several studies on the collagen receptor DDR have revealed a
2021-05-21

Several studies on the collagen receptor DDR1 have revealed a defined collagen signaling pathway that causes cell scattering and cadherin switching. As mentioned earlier, DDR Three questions from the on collagens are distinct from integrin binding sites; therefore, the same collagen protein can bi
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Collagen type is the most
2021-05-21

Collagen type 1 is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein found in vertebrates. Collagen exerts its role as a load bearing structure and regulator of cell function, only after it has assembled into fibrils., The equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of collagen fibrils and
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br Introduction Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR activa
2021-05-21

Introduction Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often initially responds well to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (Haber et al., 2011); however, the disease almost always recurs about 10–13 months of therapy. Analysis of clinical spe
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As an endogenous negative modulator CRBN
2021-05-21

As an endogenous negative modulator, CRBN inhibits AMPK’s activation (phosphorylation of Thr172) by directly binding to the α-subunit of AMPK, disrupting γ-subunit recruitment to the AMPK complex (Lee et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2013). In our study, we did not focus on AMPK activation, since only a si
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These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric RING
2021-05-21

These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric RING E3 ligases, but did not account for the essential role of dimerization. In IAPs and related E3s, such as RNF4 and MDM2, dimerization not only depends on contacts from the core RING domain but also residues N- and C-terminal to the RING domain (
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A previous study suggested that DARs and octopamine tyramine
2021-05-21

A previous study suggested that DARs and octopamine/tyramine receptors (OARs/TARs) have close pharmacological properties (Beggs et al., 2011). Their relationships were also supported by phylogenetic analyses (Balfanz et al., 2005, Hauser et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2014), indicating that some of DAR an
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br Introduction Vitis vinifera L is one of the
2021-05-21

Introduction Vitis vinifera L. is one of the most worldwide-grown fruit crop and is mostly used in the wine industry (Bouquet, 2011). Domestication and history changed dramatically the biology of this species and today there are thousands of V. vinifera varieties, being many of them closely relat
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br Methods To study electrostatic substrate channeling we
2021-05-21

Methods To study electrostatic substrate channeling, we employed two methodologies, Brownian dynamics and a continuum model based on the Smoluchowski theory. Whereas Brownian dynamics simulations are useful for tracking the motion of individual particles, the continuum model is convenient for cal
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Soybean Glycine max is an important
2021-05-21

Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oilseed and can be a useful source of epoxy fatty acids (EFAs). This UFA contains an oxygen bridge across adjacent carbon atoms at single or multiple positions in the acyl chain, making them highly reactive and prone to cross-linking, and thus valuable industria
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(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin br Materials and methods br Ackno
2021-05-21

Materials and methods Acknowledgements We thank Drs. Nathan Sherer (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Bryan Cullen (Duke University) for generous reagent gifts. The following reagent was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: HIV-2ROD phage from Dr. Ron
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The two isoforms LDH A and LDH B catalyze the
2021-05-21

The two isoforms LDH-A and LDH-B catalyze the same reaction, conversion of pyruvate to lactate at the end of glycolysis. LDH-A is expressed in the liver. Humans with a hereditary deficiency of the A or B LDH isoforms are free of symptoms, except for muscle rigidity and myoglobinuria following strenu
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Collagen compaction and alignment are generated by
2021-05-21

Collagen compaction and alignment are generated by cell-mediated contractile forces (Stopak and Harris, 1982). The transmission of actomyosin forces to collagen has been mainly attributed to integrins and the activation of the Rho-ROCK pathway (Clark et al., 2007, Kural and Billiar, 2013, Provenzano
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Pulmonary fibroblasts can regulate the wound healing process
2021-05-21

Pulmonary fibroblasts can regulate the wound healing process by secreting and processing extracellular matrix (ECM), chemokines, and cytokines. However, persistent and atypical fibroblast proliferation can result in ECM accumulation and may trigger the onset or development of pulmonary fibrosis [[17
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P has three subfamilies CYP CYP and CYP which contribute
2021-05-21

P450 has three subfamilies (CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3), which contribute largely to the oxidative biotransformation of xenobiotics that include most drugs, dietary chemicals, and environmental pollutants. The CYP1 enzymes have great importance in the bioactivation of mutagens and its isoforms are capable
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Telbivudine Here we also took attempt to
2021-05-21

Here we also took attempt to evaluate the CYP mediated inhibition potential of S. chirata and its biomarker ursolic Telbivudine on pooled RLM by CYP-CO complex assay. We observed that S. chirata extract and ursolic acid showed less enzyme inhibition than known inhibitor (ketoconazole). It exhibited
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