• To confirm the in vitro findings atorvastatin or

  2022-01-26

  

  To confirm the in vitro findings, atorvastatin or pravastatin was given to C57BL6/J mice fed with high fat diet. Doses of atorvastatin were set to be 6 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg, which were within clinical therapeutic doses. The results revealed that treatment of atorvastatin but not pravastatin impaired g

• The novel Ghsr IRES Cre knock in mouse

  2022-01-26

  

  The novel Ghsr-IRES-Cre knock-in mouse line allowed us to deconstruct the involvement of MBH GHSR-expressing neurons in mediating food intake responses using chemogenetic modulation of their neuronal activity. In our studies, hM4Di DREADD virus injections to inhibit GHSR neurons targeted several nuc

• endomorphin Various strategies have been pursued

  2022-01-26

  

  Various strategies have been pursued in the search for GIPR antagonists. Antibodies raised against both GIP(1–42) [14], [15] or the GIPR [16], [17], a small molecule antagonist [18], amino endomorphin substitutions of GIP(1–42) [19], and various GIP(1–42) truncations and modifications such as e.g.

• Galanin mediates its activity by binding

  2022-01-26

  

  Galanin mediates its activity by binding to three G-protein coupled receptor subtypes (designated GAL1-GAL3). Since GAL3 mRNA is found mainly in regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, such as the ventral tegmental area, dorsal raphe nucleus, LC, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, NAc

• br Discussion br Concluding remarks There are

  2022-01-26

  

  Discussion Concluding remarks There are potentially hundreds or thousands of G-quadruplexes which form within promoters, telomeres, RNA transcripts, and even LINEs and SINES [9,11,121,122]. As articulated previously [27], G-quadruplexes are easily targetable with heterocyclic aromatic compound

• We have isolated various bioactive

  2022-01-26

  

  We have isolated various bioactive oxytocin antagonist acting by binding to the receptors of endogenous bioactive peptides such as opioid, bradykinin, neurotensin, and complements C3a and C5a etc. [24]. Rubimetide is the first example of an agonist peptide of the FPR2 of exogenous origin. Anxiolyt

• The receptor binding assay used in

  2022-01-26

  

  The receptor binding assay used in our previous study demonstrated that propofol competitively binds to FPR1, thus blocking the downstream signal transduction of FPR1 and inhibiting neutrophil immune activities [8]. In this study, we assessed the pharmacological action of fMMYALF in the presence of

• br Acknowledgments We apologize to the researchers

  2022-01-26

  

  Acknowledgments We apologize to the researchers who were not referenced due to space limitations. We thank Christine Heiner (Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh) for her critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (R0

• One may ask whether induced loss through chemical or

  2022-01-26

  

  One may ask whether induced loss, through chemical or genetic perturbation for example, of an essential cellular factor represents regulated cell death or simple loss of the homeostasis needed for life. For example, deletion of the Mdm2 gene, or inhibition of the MDM2 protein, results in cell death

• Histone modification is one of

  2022-01-26

  

  Histone modification is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms.8, 10 Specific histone modifications confer active or repressive transcriptional states. For instance, the trimethylation of Histone3-Lysine27 (H3K27me3) is a marker of tightly packaged heterochromatin and is associated with gene repress

• Sugar gliders and hedgehogs are

  2022-01-26

  

  Sugar gliders and hedgehogs are insectivores and actively seek arthropods in nightly forays. It is suspected that Triatoma were not feeding on the sugar gliders and hedgehogs, but rather were being eaten. The oral route of infection is often nonfatal and induces a carrier state in South American did

• P Benzoxaborole substituted macrocyclic compounds based on I

  2022-01-26

  

  P4-Benzoxaborole-substituted macrocyclic compounds based on ITMN-191 scaffold were prepared using a general scheme as shown in . ITMN-191 was prepared by following a patent procedure. The P4 BOC group was removed by treatment with TFA in dichloromethane to give amine . The coupling of the amine to 6

• The life cycle of T cruzi

  2022-01-25

  

  The life cycle of T. cruzi requires both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. In the insect (invertebrate) vector, the protozoan undergoes extracellular replication, whereas in the mammalian (vertebrate) host it replicates by obligate intracellular multiplication (Rodrigues et al., 2014). Hence, the p

• Interestingly transgenic mice that constitutively express

  2022-01-25

  

  Interestingly, transgenic mice that constitutively express active FXR in the intestine (iVP16FXR) are protected from chemically-induced and genetically-induced cholestasis. This protective effect is attributed to the induction of intestinal FGF15 and repression of hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, downregu

• A breakthrough in the understanding

  2022-01-25

  

  A breakthrough in the understanding of the unique properties of GPX4-downregulation-induced cell death was accomplished when Seiler et al. in 2008 demonstrated the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), a polyunsaturated fatty Sulindac sulfide metabolizing enzyme [92], in the execution of GPX4-kno

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